Archaeology: is the Bible reliable?

Years ago, Dr. Herman Hoeh, now deceased, suggested that I subscribe to the magazine Biblical Archaeology Review. Though my subscription ended, I still occasionally look through back issues. Doing so reminds me that archaeology often confirms what is stated in the Bible. It also reminds me that this field of study is a hotbed of discussion and often heated disagreement between various schools of thought. Although vigorous debate can be healthy, it also can lead to unhelpful contention and even hostility that runs contrary to the cause of truth.

Currently, the two main schools of thought in this debate are referred to as biblical minimalism and biblical maximalism. Minimalism views the Bible as purely a literary work, written no earlier than the Persian period, which was long after Moses, David and Solomon. This viewpoint casts doubt on the historicity of these biblical characters, noting a lack of archaeological evidence to substantiate their existence. Minimalists maintain that the Bible should be considered a theological work, not a reliable historical record. In contrast, Maximalism views the Bible as historically reliable—representing actual people and events. This viewpoint maintains that the core stories of the Bible are true, though it concedes that some accounts may have been embellished somewhat by legend.

A third, though fairly minor, school of thought in this debate is sometimes referred to as fundamentalism and sometimes as literalism. It views the Bible as 100% accurate in all respects—even when archaeological evidence is missing or is contradictory. This viewpoint is the archaeological equivalent of young earth creationism. Neither maximalists nor minimalists take this viewpoint seriously.

Does this debate really matter? One might argue that it contributes little to the Christian faith. Let’s get some perspective here. The Bible is not a simple or secular history book. It is God’s revelation to us, told through the story of his people Israel, which prepares the ground for the life and work of Jesus Christ. That is what the Bible is about, and what it is for. The Bible’s principal lessons do not depend on the meticulous accuracy of geographic details nor the exactness of calendar dates.

That said, archaeology has shown that the Bible is remarkably reliable as a record of history. For example, the Bible tells of Israel being taken into captivity by the mighty armies of the Assyrian Empire. Years ago, many scholars dismissed this account as fable, since no trace of the Assyrian Empire had been found at that time. However, mid-19th century archaeological excavations uncovered the ruins of Nineveh, Assyria’s capital city. Ancient cuneiform inscriptions were found there that dramatically confirm the biblical record.

Uncovering the past continues in spite of the turmoil in the Middle East. One such excavation is being conducted by Hebrew University at Khirbet Qeiyafa, a city 20 miles southwest of Jerusalem. Khirbet Qeiyafa had great strategic value in the ancient kingdom of Judah because of its location on the main road from Philistia on the coast to Jerusalem and Hebron in the hill country. It was in this area that the famous battle between David and Goliath occurred.

The excavation at Khirbet Qeiyafa has already uncovered 200 meters of the city wall, two city gates, a pillar building (perhaps a small stable), ten houses and the earliest known Hebrew inscription giving evidence that David and Solomon ruled over a well-organized, fully urbanized Judahite state in the tenth century B.C.E. (the inscription and other artifacts from the excavation are pictured at http://qeiyafa.huji.ac.il/).

Exciting developments like this continue to keep me interested in biblical archaeology. However, my faith does not depend on these discoveries. Frankly, it is far too easy to get hung up on such details—expecting the Bible to say more and do more than God intends.

The Bible is not primarily a history book, although it has proven historically reliable. Therefore, we should not be quick to jump on the “band wagon” of any of the schools of thought in this ongoing debate. Such viewpoints come and go, while God’s written Word stands as what it is: an infallible guide to all matters pertaining to salvation.

Your brother in Christ,

Joseph Tkach

Frank Howard

Pastor Frank and First Lady Leslie — Frank and Leslie Howard

Frank Howard is likely the only GCI pastor with a 40-year-old pair of Chuck Taylor Converse All-Star sneakers. He loves to collect things. “I am not a hoarder of stuff. I enjoy collecting coins, stamps, bills, etc.”

Frank, the bi-vocational senior pastor for 24-7 Community Church in Newark, New Jersey, is the youngest of 10 children. “I grew up in the segregated South during the 1950s and 60s in Williamston, North Carolina, population approximately 5,000 at that time. At the age of 11, I participated in Freedom marches for Civil Rights in my hometown. I felt it was the right thing to do for me and for others.”

Frank speaks highly of his parents, the late John and Vernice Howard: “My parents taught us to love God and people, honor and respect the elderly, get a good education, and help those who are in need. We were raised up in the Lord, and I was baptized at the age of nine.”

In 1966, when Frank was in the eighth grade, he and his fellow male classmates participated in a special program. Frank shares, “all the young men in my class at E.J. Hayes School (including myself) were taken to the “Advancement School” in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. This school was for young men only. We were to be there for three months. When we arrived with two of our own teachers, each of us was assigned a white roommate to live with for the three months. I knew this was going to be very interesting, and it was; but it was all good. Both black and white young men were given the same educational tools and opportunities to be a success at the Advancement School. As a result, the young men’s (both black and white) performance in academics and sports excelled. It proved that when given the same tools and opportunities, it doesn’t matter what your race is, you can be a success. I will never forget that experience.”

While in high school, Frank had the opportunity to have Coach Herman Boone (portrayed by Denzel Washington in the movie “Remember the Titans”) as his physical education instructor. “He encouraged his students and teams to persevere and never give up. Under Coach Boone’s leadership, E.J. Hayes High School Football Team won two State Championships during the 1960s. In 1974, I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from North Carolina Central University. In 1984, I received the Master of Science Degree in Human Resources from New Jersey Institute of Technology. I received the Advanced Diploma in Christian Ministry from Grace Communion Seminary in 2012. Over the years, I have worked for General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, New York State Department of Labor, New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, and currently for the United States Department of Treasury.”

Howards — Leslie and Frank in their younger days

As a result of occasionally watching The World Tomorrow TV program from 1979 through 1982 and reading the church’s literature, Frank began attending the WCG Manhattan Church in New York City in 1982. “Because I lived in New Jersey, I started attending the Union, New Jersey congregation in 1983 and became a member in 1984. There I met my lovely wife to be, Leslie (Hall).” Leslie and Frank have been married for 27 “blessed and lovely years. We have a daughter, Chantell, 33 and a son, Frankie, 25. We have two grandchildren, Nia, 8 and Jaiden, 5. Leslie is an author of two books, Sister With S.A.S.S. and Love Letters From God. She is also a Christian life coach.”

Frank became the interim bi-vocational pastor of 24-7 Community Church in December 2000 due to the untimely death of Ronald Robinson who had served as the senior pastor for only nine months. Frank became the new senior pastor in October 2001. Of Leslie, Frank says, “she is valuable to me and to the ministry in so many ways. She is a ministry leader over Safe Center, which connects the church with other organizations and churches in the Newark area. Safe Center also provides food and other items to the needy. Leslie also teaches a group of young ladies in the community called Daughters of Imani (Daughters of Faith). She supports me in the ministry and gives constructive criticism when necessary. She gives sermons and occasionally assists me with counseling. I am truly blessed to have a wife with a passion for God and for doing his work.”

As a pastor, Frank says he enjoys the unique qualities, gifts and personalities of people that God brings into his life, and to the congregation. “I am amazed how he uses those gifts to transform people lives as well as my own life. I also enjoy how he allows the congregation to be able to reach out to others. We have a monthly church service at the largest youth detention facility in New Jersey to reach out to incarcerated young men and women. We also have a monthly church service at the New Community Nursing Home in Newark where we reach out and comfort the residents with the Word of God and fellowship. I enjoy participating with Jesus in these settings. I enjoy seeing the youth at church praising the Lord and developing into leaders. I enjoy seeing the singles, married couples and the elderly praising the Lord and participating in Christ’s ministry. My assistant pastors, David Robinson and Lawrence Evans, and the rest of my leadership team have all been exceptional.”

Speaking about GCI, Frank said, “It’s comforting to know the Holy Spirit is using Dr. Joseph Tkach and the GCI team to lead us. GCI is not perfect, (no denomination is), but over the years, under Joe’s tutelage, we’ve grown to understand so much about grace. It helps us reach out to others in love, when spreading the gospel with genuine concern for the physical welfare of those in need.”

Frank’s most memorable moment as a pastor came during one of our nation’s greatest tragedies. “God allowed me to safely exit the World Trade Center after the first plane struck Building One on 9/11/2001. I was moved when many 24-7 members gathered the next evening to pray for the families of the victims and for those who were injured.”

Several mentors have helped shape Frank’s life and ministry. He speaks fondly of Mrs. Bessie Mobley, his first Sunday School teacher who encouraged him to go to college. He remembers an eighth grade teacher, Mr. Walter Harris, who not only taught him academics, but how to deal with practical life issues. He has deep respect for the late Pastor Ronald Robinson, who was a great leader and visionary. “He and I would go to New York City once a month to the Empire State building to meet with other clergy in the New York and New Jersey area. Those train trips over and back from New York gave us the opportunity to share thoughts and concerns about the new church plant (24-7 Community Church) and about ourselves. Little did I know, that God would allow Pastor Ron to die nine months after the church began. During those nine months, he shared a lot with me and his example taught me many lessons that have helped me to shepherd the flock that God has entrusted to me. Thank God for his example!”

Frank says that his passion is “serving God and people and having a closer relationship with Jesus Christ. I love God and I love people. I feel closest to God in prayer, Bible study and meditation. There are times when I am on the express bus coming home from work that I am in deep prayer with the Lord.”

Frank shares a final thought: “When I reflect on my life I see Jesus’ loving hand in every aspect. His hand has been over my family, over GCI and over the 24-7 Community Church from its inception. Through it all, I have learned three important lessons:

Pray! Pray! Pray!
Wait on God to make his will and purpose clear.
Unless the Lord builds the house, the builders labor in vain (Psalm 127:1).

Engage conference

This update is from GCI pastor Mark Porter who coordinated the conference.

Over 325 people gathered in September for Engage 2013—a weekend of inspiration and fellowship in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. This year marked the launch of a new name and theme for what was previously called the Wisconsin Dells conference. The Engage name highlights how our faith in Christ is lived out through intent and action.

Each of the four days of Engage 2013 conference featured a worship service with messages emphasizing a heavenly worldview that leads to serving others with God’s love. Engage sermons were given by Becky Duel, Joseph Tkach, Rick Shallenberger and Stephen Hill (left to right in the pictures below).

Joe preaching Rick preaching Stephen Hill

Worship services also featured the Engage praise and worship team, interpretive dance, and a skit and music by the children. The event was packed with other opportunities to engage—from breakout sessions on multiple topics to recreational activities for families, teens and seniors.

Preparations for Engage 2014 are underway. It will be held September 25-28 at the Kalahari Resort in Wisconsin Dells—a beautiful facility with a large indoor water park and a theme park with rides, games and challenge courses. Discounted resort lodging rates and passes are available for GCI attenders. Visit www.EngageGCI.org for details and updates. Early bird registration rates are now available. Make plans to join us for a time of meaningful fellowship, family fun and spiritual refreshment.

A little church with big impact

The mission statement of In His Grace Community Church, GCI’s congregation in Kenockee, Michigan is this: “To live and to share God’s Grace in: our homes, our community and our world!” That they are ministering accordingly is evidenced by an article by Bob Green in the Port Huron “Times Herald.” Here are excerpts:

GCI church building — In His Grace Community Church building

It’s hard to imagine a congregation tinier than the 25 or so members of In His Grace Community Church… But don’t let the size fool you. With the help of their neighbors, members of the church are making sure people who are hungry receive the food they need.

The church had a food giveaway on Oct. 19. “We know the need is there,” said Pastor Grant Forysth. “There still is a great number of people who, due to the economy, are not making it. We are trying to, in any little way we can, help people make it.”

He said 161 families signed up for the latest food giveaway, which represented 516 people. The food comes on a truck from the Food Bank of Eastern Michigan. “We try to do two a year,” Forsyth said. “This year, that was the only one we were able to get done.”

A food truck costs $650, said Alice Rieves of Mid City Nutrition in Port Huron, who works with the Food Bank of Eastern Michigan to coordinate food giveaways. That $650 guarantees 12 pallets of food. “My job is to make sure the food is distributed equitably, fairly and the people are treated with respect and the paperwork is done,” she said.

In addition to the $650, which Forsyth said his church raised through donations, the group sponsoring a mobile food pantry also must have 30 volunteers to help with the giveaway. “We have connections with volunteers in Kenockee Township, the leadership there,” he said. “They send volunteers; they like to be involved.”

For additional pictures, click here.

Canadian celebration

GCI Canada recently held a Thanksgiving Celebration in the city of Moncton, New Brunswick. The 53 people attending came from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.

Guest speaker Dr. Gary Deddo (pictured at right) gave sermons on our identity in Christ and the obedience that flows from faith. He urged the audience to remember to first ask: “Who is God? and then ask: “Who are we in Christ?” He noted that we only are able to love unconditionally—with no strings attached—when all of our strings are attached to God.

In one of his sermons, Gary discussed loving God with all our mind (expounding on Matthew 22:37). Because theology is how we think about God, we all have a working theology. However, to have right theology, we must focus on who God is as he reveals himself in Christ. The foundation of our thinking is therefore of utmost importance. Loving God with all our mind involves actively seeking God to know him better.

An atmosphere of peace and joy was prevalent throughout the celebration—God’s presence and blessings were evident. The members fellowshipped, shared meals and enjoyed a sing-along with Jim Noseworthy (pictured above, left), and shared communion at the beginning and end of the weekend.

Changing seasons

In the video below, GCI leader John Halford talks about the challenges of growing old gracefully, which includes changing the way we participate in Christ’s ministry.

View on YouTube at http://youtu.be/VyWVmwiyOqE.

Arnold Clauson

This update is a follow-up to an earlier prayer request for Arnold Clauson from his wife Trish.

Arnold was re-admitted to the hospital early last week for his weekly back-to-back dialysis. Since his blood toxins were higher than anticipated, it was decided that coming in once a week is not sufficient.

As of now he is still in the hospital waiting for a dialysis “chair” to become available. Since he is still immobile, transportation to and from will be necessary, yet another hurdle to overcome. In the meantime, he is receiving physical therapy so that he can sit in a chair for the four hours required for dialysis.

Arnold’s kidneys are still barely functioning, but we have been told that they can “turn on” at any time, even after months of dialysis. Of course the greatest challenge ahead is working on the cancer.

Arnold and I are humbled by the prayers and cards of encouragement we are receiving and we are continually comforted by the knowledge that the Creator of the universe is fully in control. Please know that we are also aware that so many others have burdens to bear. . . .we join in prayers for them.

Cards may be sent to:

Arnold and Trish Clauson

109 Melrose Circle

Denison, Texas 75020

Suzanne Cozzi

This prayer request is from GCI pastor Luciano Cozzi.

My wife Suzanne and I have been greatly blessed, especially in the last few months. However, sometimes with blessings also come challenges, and we are now facing such a period. Suzanne needed some tests done, and a routine biopsy. Unfortunately, the biopsy revealed that she has cancer. Surgery is scheduled.

The cancer does not seem to be aggressive and from every indication is at an early stage. It is likely that after the surgery she will be fine. We will not know if it has started spreading, however, until after the surgery.

Sue is doing relatively well. She tends to be strong, but as you can imagine this news is challenging to deal with. Her faith has kept her positive and strong and she has found great comfort in knowing that “all is well with her soul,” as the song goes. It has become her favorite phrase in the last few days.

Your prayers are deeply appreciated.

Cards may be sent to:

Luciano and Suzanne Cozzi

4 Silo Lane

Coventry, RI 02816-8252